Article Retraction & Withdrawal

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication by providing a valid written explanation.

Published articles may be retracted if evidence of any of the following is found:

1. plagiarism;
2. data fabrication;
3. data falsification;
4. duplicate publication;
5. unethical research practices; or
6. significant scientific errors that invalidate the study findings.

Retraction procedures follow the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and will be publicly documented on the journal's website.