Plagiarism Policy

All submitted manuscripts are screened for plagiarism using plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin , iThenticate , or equivalent software.

The journal applies the following similarity standards:

1. Overall similarity index should not exceed 20% .
2. Similarity from a single source should not exceed 5% .
3. Properly cited quotations and references are excluded from plagiarism assessment.

If plagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct are identified, the Editorial Board reserves the right to:

1. request revisions;
2. reject the manuscript; or
3. retract a published article when necessary.